The Combined Charging System is a quick charging method for battery electric vehicles delivering high-voltage direct current via a special electrical connector derived from the SAE J1772 (IEC Type 1) or IEC Type 2 connector. As the plug is a combination of an AC connector with a DC option the resulting connector is also called Combo Coupler and the variant with Type 2 is abbreviated as Combo2.
Automobile manufactures that support CCS include: Jaguar, Volkswagen, General Motors, BMW, Daimler, Ford, FCA, Tesla and Hyundai. The CharIN consortium that controls the CCS standard is working on a charging rate of 350 kW beginning in 2017.
In the United States, BMW and VW claim that the East Coast and West Coast corridors have complete CCS networks.
Competing standards include CHAdeMO and Tesla Supercharger.
Video Combined Charging System
History
The revival of interest in electric cars spurred deployment of charging stations. Initially, these accessed the abundant AC mains electricity using a variety of plugs around the world. The standardization in the IEC 62196 for higher current charging connectors brought about various systems; Type 1 was used primarily in North America and Japan, while Type 2 variants elsewhere. For DC charging, the SAE and European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) made a plan to add common DC wires to the existing AC connector types such that there is only one "global envelope" that fits all DC charging stations.
The proposal for a "Combined Charging System" (CCS) was published at the 15th International VDI-Congress of the Association of German Engineers on 12 October 2011 in Baden-Baden. CCS defines a single connector pattern on the vehicle side that offers enough space for a Type 1 or Type 2 connector along with space for a two-pin DC connector allowing up to 200 A. Seven car makers (Audi, BMW, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche and Volkswagen) agreed to introduce CCS in mid-2012. The prototype implementations for up to 100 kW were shown on the EVS26 in Los Angeles in May 2012. DC charging specifications in the IEC 62196-3 draft give a range up to 125 A with up to 850 V.
The seven auto makers also agreed to use HomePlug GreenPHY as the communication protocol. The prototype for the matching plug was developed by Phoenix Contact with the goal to withstand 10,000 connect cycles. The standardization proposal was sent to the IEC in January 2011. The request to use a PLC protocol for the Vehicle2Grid communication was flagged back in September 2009 in a joint presentation of BMW, Daimler and VW on California Air Resource Board ZEV Technology Symposium. This competes with the CAN Bus proposal from Japan (including CHAdeMO) and China (a separate DC connector proposal), and none of their car manufacturers has signed up to CCS. However, China had been involved in early stages of the development of the extra DC pins.
Volkswagen built the first public CCS quick charge station with 50 kW DC in Wolfsburg in June 2013 to test drive the upcoming VW E-Up that is to be delivered with a DC rapid charger connector for the CCS. Two weeks later, BMW opened its first CCS rapid charge station to support the upcoming BMW i3. Since at least the second EV World Summit in June 2013, the CHAdeMO association, Volkswagen and Nissan all advocate multi-standard DC chargers, as the additional cost of a dual-protocol station is only 5%.
In Germany, the Charging Interface Initiative e. V. (CharIN) was founded by car makers and suppliers (Audi, BMW, Daimler, Mennekes, Opel, Phoenix Contact, Porsche, TÜV SÜD and Volkswagen) to promote the adoption of CCS. They noted in a press release that most cars cannot charge with more than 50 kW, so that was the first common power output of CCS stations to be built during 2015. The next step was the standardization of stations with 150 kW output that they showed in October 2015, looking to a future system with 350 kW output. Volvo joined CharIN in 2016; Tesla in March 2016; Lucid Motors (previously Atieva) June 2016; Faraday Future June 2016; Toyota March 2017.
The Chevrolet Bolt/Opel Ampera-e uses this CCS standard for 50 kW quick charging.
As part of the settlement of the Volkswagen emissions scandal, VW is to spend $2 billion in the U.S. over the next 10 years on CCS and other charging infrastructure.
In November 2016, Ford, Mercedes, Audi, Porsche and BMW announced building a 350 kW charge network with 400 stations in Europe, beginning in 2017, and priced at EUR200,000 ($233,000) each.
Maps Combined Charging System
Versions
CCS 1.0
Unveiled on 12 October 2011
- Charging 80 kW at max 400 V and 200 A.
- Load Balancing
- Charge Authorization Mode
- Charging stations communication compliant to DIN SPEC 70121:2014.
CCS 2.0
- Charging up to 350 kW in the range 200 - 1000 V.
- Charging stations communication supports 0-350 kW with ISO15118-2:2014 and ISO15118-3:2015 and 0-80 kW with DIN SPEC 70121:2014.
CCS 3.0 draft
- Wireless communication
- Inductive charging
- Reverse Power Transfer
- Pantograph
Specifications
Technical specifications
- DIN SPEC 70121 (electromobility - Digital communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging in the Combined Charging System) and ISO15118 for > 80 kW.
- vehicles and charging stations shall support ISO15118 External Identification Means (EIM) mandatory and Plug and Charge (PnC) optional
- Up to 350 kW charging
- Lock system to prevent connector from being accidentally removed.
- Load balancing
Standards
Communication interface
- DIN SPEC 70121
- IEC/ISO 15118
- IEC 61851
Charging
- IEC 61851
- IEC 62196
Vehicle
- ISO 6469
- ISO 17409
supply station
- IEC 61851
Charging communication
The charging standard supports both basic PWM and PLC communication.
PWM is used to start the PLC communication. PWM does not control the charging rate, nor the Voltage.
References
External links
- Charging Interface Initiative (CharIN)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments